Part 1: Reading

Ghana welcomes Pope's apology over Catholic Church's role in slavery. The West African nation was one of the main gateways for the transatlantic slave trade.

Why temperature records are being not only broken but smashed. In the UK, temperatures passed 35°C on Tuesday – more than 2°C above the record for May before this year. "When we have a heatwave it's happening more severely, because it's on top of a warming climate," Richard Betts, head of climate impacts research at the Met Office and a professor at the University of Exeter, told BBC News. "If someone beats a world record in high jump, you would expect them to beat it by one centimetre and not suddenly by 20, 30 centimetres and the same holds for the weather," Erich Fischer, professor at the Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, told BBC News. But when a relatively rare weather system such as this week's heat dome comes around in a warming climate, the margin of record can be huge.

Three months since the Iran war began, persistently high oil prices have policymakers grappling with renewed inflation fears, while sliding currencies are a headache for some Asian countries. A global luxury basket is down 10%, reflecting investor fears that inflation could hit spending.

President Donald Trump said Saturday that a broader agreement between the United States and Iran has been “largely negotiated” and that the Strait of Hormuz would be reopened, signaling potential momentum toward ending the monthslong war. US and Iranian officials suggested that they may be closer to reaching a framework agreement to end the war after mediators from Qatar and Pakistan held talks in Tehran on Saturday.

The idea of a European Defence Union including Ukraine, the UK and Norway, is increasingly being discussed. The change Patriota could detect in “the global north” was a new division into “two poles, a unilateralist superpower on the one hand and a majority of multilateralists on the other”. The argument that the current dark era of American unilateralism and lawless militarism may be coming to a premature end, sinking below the waters in the strait of Hormuz, is gathering momentum as other western countries recover their poise and place long-term bets that they can no longer cower under the US security blanket.

Part 2: Vocabulary (15 từ)

Part 3: Grammar (2-3 điểm)

1. Present Perfect Tense: Dùng để biểu tả một hành động bắt đầu ở quáترة và liên tục đến hiện tại hoặc vừa mới hoàn thành. Ví dụ: "has been largely negotiated" (đã được đàm phán weitgehend).
2. Passive Voice: Dùng khi nhấn�reak lên hành động thay vì người thực hiện. Ví dụ: "is increasingly being discussed" (được thảo luận ngày càng nhiều).
3. Conditional Sentence Type 1: Dùng để biểu tả một điều kiện có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Ví dụ: "If someone beats a world record in high jump, you would expect them to beat it by one centimetre..." (Nếu ai đó phá vỡ bản ghi thế giới trong cao độ, bạn sẽ mong đợi họ phá vỡ nó mỗi centimet thêm...).

Part 4: Exercises (15 bài)

A. Vocabulary (5 câu)

1. Choose the word that best fits the sentence: "The ______ of the Pope's apology was welcomed by Ghana." (apology/gateways/transatlantic)
2. Which word means "cơn nóng mạnh kéo dài"? (heatwave/warming/margin)
3. The word "persistently" is an ______. (adjective/adverb/noun)
4. Match the word to its meaning:
   • luxury
   • currencies
   • framework
   with:
   • tiền tệ
   • sang trọng
   • khung arbeitet
5. Fill in the blank: "The agreement was ______ by US and Iranian officials." (negotiated/warming/multilateralists)

<h3 style="color: #2c3e50; margin-top: 20px;">B. Grammar (5 câu)</h3>
<ol style="color: #34495e; line-height: 1.6; padding-left: 20px;">
  <li>Identify the tense: "has been largely negotiated" (Present Perfect / Past Simple / Future Simple)</li>
  <li>Change to active voice: "is increasingly being discussed" → ______.</li>
  <li>Complete the conditional sentence: "If the heatwave continues, ______." (temperature will rise / temperature rose / temperature rises)</li>
  <li>Identify the grammar point: "The idea ... is increasingly being discussed." (Passive Voice / Present Perfect / Conditional)</li>
  <li>Correct the sentence: "The margin of record can be huge when a heatwave comes in a warming climate." (No change needed / Change "can be" to "is" / Add "that" after "when")</li>
</ol>

<h3 style="color: #2c3e50; margin-top: 20px;">C. Reading Comprehension (5 câu)</h3>
<ol style="color: #34495e; line-height: 1.6; padding-left: 20px;">
  <li>What was Ghana's reaction to the Pope's apology? (Ghana welcomed it / Ghana rejected it / Ghana ignored it)</li>
  <li>According to the text, why are temperature records being smashed more severely? (Because of climate change / Because of reduced pollution / Because of more accurate instruments)</li>
  <li>What is one effect of the Iran war on Asian countries? (Sliding currencies are a headache / Increased oil exports / Stronger currency values)</li>
  <li>What did Trump say about the US-Iran agreement? (It has been largely negotiated / It has been canceled / It is under discussion)</li>
  <li>What is being discussed regarding a European Defence Union? (It includes Ukraine, the UK, and Norway / It includes only EU countries / It has been rejected by all European nations)</li>
</ol>

Part 5: Answer Key

A. Vocabulary

1. apology
2. heatwave
3. adverb
4. luxury → sang trọng; currencies → tiền tệ; framework → khung