Part 1: Reading

Ukraine war: Is Avdiivka's fall a sign Russia is turning the tide? - BBC Despite Russians suffering enormous losses, four months of relentless attacks have left Ukrainian troops there outnumbered, outgunned, and with...

Part 2: Vocabulary

Part 3: Grammar

• Present perfect tense: has/have + past participle (e.g., "have suffered", "have left")
• Passive voice: be + past participle (e.g., "were released", "are held")
• Relative clauses: introduced by who, which, that (e.g., "that mediators said would take effect")

Part 4: Exercises

1. Vocabulary: Match the word to its meaning.
   • a. war
   • b. despite
   • c. enormous
   • d. relentless
   • e. outnumbered
   1. mặc dù, bất chấp
   2. không ngừng nghỉ, không ngớt
   3. một cuộc xung đột vũ trang
   4. to lớn vô cùng
   5. bị nhiều hơn về số lượng

2. Vocabulary: Fill in the blank with the correct word from the list: despite, enormous, relentless, outnumbered, outgunned.

   The Ukrainian troops are ______ in terms of numbers and firepower.

3. Vocabulary: Choose the correct definition for "sign".

   A. a mark or symbol used to convey information B. a mathematical equation C. a type of military vehicle D. a unit of time

4. Vocabulary: Use the word "implement" in a sentence.

   Write a sentence using the word "implement".

5. Vocabulary: Find the word "captive" in the passage and explain its meaning in context.

   Look at the passage and explain what "captive" means based on the surrounding text.

6. Grammar: Identify the tense of the verb in the sentence: "Russian forces have suffered enormous losses."

   Present perfect

7. Grammar: Change the sentence to passive voice: "Israel released dozens of hostages."

   Dozens of hostages were released by Israel.

8. Grammar: Combine two sentences using a relative clause: "The ceasefire was delayed. Israel said Hamas had not delivered the names."

   The ceasefire was delayed, which Israel said was because Hamas had not delivered the names.

9. Grammar: Correct the mistake in the sentence: "She have left the country."

   She has left the country.

10. Grammar: Rewrite the sentence using present perfect: "The attacks started four months ago."

    The attacks have lasted for four months.

11. Reading comprehension: What is the main topic of the passage?

    The situation in Avdiivka during the Ukraine war and the imbalance of forces.

12. Reading comprehension: What does "outnumbered" mean in the context of the passage?

    Having fewer troops than the enemy.

13. Reading comprehension: How long have the attacks been going on according to the passage?

    Four months of relentless attacks.

14. Reading comprehension: What is the significance of Avdiivka's fall according to the passage?

    It may be a sign that Russia is turning the tide in the war.

15. Reading comprehension: According to the passage, what is the current situation of Ukrainian troops in Avdiivka?

    Ukrainian troops are outnumbered and outgunned.

Part 5: Answer Key

Vocabulary Exercise 1: a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2, e-5
Vocabulary Exercise 2: outnumbered and outgunned (both words can be used, but the blank expects one; if only one blank, answer: outnumbered)
Vocabulary Exercise 3: A
Vocabulary Exercise 4: Sample answer: The government will implement the new policy next month.
Vocabulary Exercise 5: In the passage, "captive" refers to people who have been captured and are being held, such as hostages.
Grammar Exercise 1: Present perfect
Grammar Exercise 2: Dozens of hostages were released by Israel.
Grammar Exercise 3: The ceasefire was delayed, which Israel said was because Hamas had not delivered the names. (or: The ceasefire was delayed because Israel said Hamas had not delivered the names.)
Grammar Exercise 4: She has left the country.
Grammar Exercise 5: The attacks have lasted for four months.
Reading Comprehension 1: The situation in Avdiivka during the Ukraine war and the imbalance of forces.
Reading Comprehension 2: Having fewer troops than the enemy.
Reading Comprehension 3: Four months of relentless attacks.
Reading Comprehension 4: It may be a sign that Russia is turning the tide in the war.
Reading Comprehension 5: Ukrainian troops are outnumbered and outgunned.